The Graco Remi All-in-One Convertible Crib promises a lot: crib, toddler bed, full-size bed, changing table, storage drawers — all wrapped into one big white nursery center. On paper, it sounds like the dream setup for space-strapped parents who want to buy once and be done. It’s marketed as modern, practical, certified for air quality and safety standards, and designed to grow with your child from newborn stage to big kid.
But when you start looking closer — at the build quality, the conversion kits, the drawer mechanics, the long-term durability — it gets a little more complicated. And maybe a little frustrating.
This review breaks down the Graco Remi 4-in-1 Convertible Crib (White) in full, looking at what it actually does well, where it stumbles, and what you might want to know before committing. There’s no sugarcoating here — just a careful look at the facts, the patterns across verified reviews, and the product’s real-world quirks.
What you’ll find in this review:
- An honest breakdown of the key features and build
- Where things go right — and where they fall apart (literally and metaphorically)
- A full pros and cons rundown with long-term considerations
- A quick-glance rating table if you want the TL; DR
- FAQs addressing common dealbreakers
- Supplementary guides for curious or indecisive parents
If you’re looking for a clean, modern crib that does more than just sleep duty — but don’t want to be surprised by chipped paint, misaligned drawers, or missing screws — this review covers what you need to know.
Build Quality & Materials
So here’s the thing: the Graco Remi Crib looks solid on the surface — clean lines, white finish, all-in-one setup — but the deeper you go into the materials and construction, the more it starts to feel like a mixed bag. Not bad, exactly. Just…not as sturdy or premium-feeling as you’d hope for something priced over $400.
Let’s break down what’s going on.
Materials Used
- Primary wood: Pine — soft, lightweight, affordable, but also dents easily and doesn’t always age well.
- Engineered components: The side panels, drawer bottoms, and some trim sections are made of engineered wood and wood composites. These are common in cribs but tend to have more quality variance.
- Drawer glides: Euro-style glides. Smooth at first, but more prone to sticking or misalignment over time — especially if the structure flexes or isn’t assembled tightly.
So, is it “solid”? Kind of. When properly assembled, the crib feels stable. But the materials don’t leave a ton of margin for error, especially during assembly or if you plan to move it later. The under-crib drawer is a weak spot — both literally (the bottom panel is too thin) and functionally (it sags or sticks under weight).
Paint & Finish
This part gets a little disappointing:
- Chipping starts early — often within months. And it’s not just spots where a baby might bite or scratch. Reviewers report peeling on exterior rails and drawer fronts.
- Uneven paint — the finish is often inconsistent. Some pieces show brush strokes or discoloration. Others arrive scuffed.
- Touch-up is hard — color-matching the white finish is tricky if you try to repaint or fix blemishes.
Structural Integrity
- Stays upright, yes. But drawer fronts, shelf panels, and changing table pieces have more flex than you’d want.
- Loose hardware is a recurring issue. Screws gradually loosen over time — especially the ones securing the changing table to the crib body.
- Pre-drilled holes often don’t line up perfectly, which adds stress to the joints if you’re forcing things to fit.
So overall:
- First impression = sleek, useful, great for storage.
- Close-up over time = soft wood, thin panels, loose joints, and cosmetic issues start to add up.
It’s one of those products where the concept is great, but the execution feels like it was optimized for mass production over long-term use.
Ease of Assembly
Not gonna lie — this crib can be a headache to assemble. If you’re expecting a quick weekend project, you’ll probably be halfway through and muttering, “Why is this part not lining up?” around hour three.
Here’s what you’re working with:
Time Commitment
- Estimated time: 2 to 6 hours
- Realistic expectation: Closer to the upper end, especially if you’re doing it solo
- A second person isn’t just helpful — it’s almost required when you’re attaching the changing table or lining up the drawer tracks
Instructions
This is where things start to feel unnecessarily difficult:
- Instructions are dense — lots of steps crammed into tiny diagrams
- No written guidance beyond vague arrows and part labels
- Missing part labels on actual hardware and wood pieces. So you’re left cross-referencing by shape or counting pre-drilled holes to figure out what’s what
- It’s not that you can’t build it — but it asks more of you than it should
Common Frustration Points
- Drawer Assembly: This is almost always the sticking point (literally). The bottom drawer has to line up just right, and the track system has little give. If you’re even a millimeter off, it drags or jams.
- Changing Table Alignment: This section connects awkwardly to the crib. You have to tighten both sides simultaneously or risk torquing the frame.
- Pre-drilled holes: Some are slightly off, so parts don’t align cleanly. You either force things (not recommended) or loosen everything, realign, and re-tighten — which gets old quickly.
- Missing hardware: Unfortunately, it happens. Opened bags, short screws, or bolts that don’t match the diagram are not uncommon. That’s a tough pill when you’re mid-assembly.
What Helps
- Have your own tools — a powered screwdriver and rubber mallet go a long way
- Lay out all the pieces first and label them yourself
- Set aside the whole day and brace for mild frustration
Once Built
- You will feel a sense of accomplishment. It does look impressive when finished.
- But the final step always feels the worst — drawers that won’t glide, rails that wiggle, or a gap that won’t close
Bottom line?
If you’re patient, handy, and like puzzles, it’s doable. But if you’re sleep-deprived and expecting plug-and-play, you’re going to be frustrated. Not impossible — just more work than it should be.
Storage & Changing Table Functionality
So, here’s where the Remi sounds like a dream on paper — a built-in changing table, drawers galore, under-crib storage. You imagine everything in one neat footprint. But… in practice? It’s not quite the slam dunk it looks like in the photos.
Let’s break it down:
Changing Table
Design-wise, it’s a fixed attachment on the right side of the crib. It doesn’t detach, doesn’t flip, and doesn’t rotate — it’s just there, permanently.
- Changing pad: Thin. Kinda flimsy. Definitely not plush enough on its own, and it doesn’t sit snugly — it can slide through the side rails if bumped.
- Safety strap: There, but minimal. No raised edges or contours to help prevent rolling.
- Table height: A bit low for taller adults — some back strain if you’re using it constantly.
- Gap issue: There’s an awkward space between the changing surface and the side of the crib, just wide enough for small limbs to get stuck. Not ideal.
Drawers & Shelves (on Changing Table)
You get 3 enclosed drawers and 2 open shelves, all part of the changer unit:
- Drawer performance: Mixed. When they glide, they’re decent — but drawer alignment is hit-or-miss depending on how well the unit was assembled. Slight misalignment? Expect sticking, tilting, or full-on sliding resistance.
- Storage space: Fairly roomy. You can fit diapers, wipes, burp cloths, onesies, etc. But if you’re using cloth diapers or larger baby gear, it starts to feel cramped.
- Drawer construction: Thin material, especially the drawer bottoms. You’ll want to be gentle. Overloading them will cause warping or sagging over time.
- Open shelves: Useful for things like a wipe warmer, lotions, or baskets — but they collect dust fast and don’t have a back panel, so stuff can fall behind if nudged.
Under-Crib Drawer
A full-width drawer underneath the crib itself — which sounds perfect for bulky items like blankets, extra sheets, or backup diapers. In reality:
- Material: Same thin wood as the changing table drawers. It’s not built for heavy-duty use.
- Structural issues: Known to crack or fall off the rails after a year or so. Especially if it’s pulled too far or unevenly.
- Drawer glides: Euro-style, but often poorly aligned out of the box — meaning the drawer can drag or feel “stuck” even when technically installed correctly.
So is it functional?
Yes, but with caveats.
You’re buying convenience, not durability. Everything works fine when new. But over time — particularly with daily use — parts don’t hold up as well as they should.
Summary
What works:
- Smart use of space for small rooms
- Lots of compartments for baby gear
- No need to buy a separate changing table or dresser
What doesn’t:
- Drawer alignment is temperamental
- Materials feel delicate under real-world use
- Changing pad + design raise safety and usability concerns
Final thought?
The layout is practical — especially in tight nurseries — but the materials don’t fully back it up. It’s a great setup that’s just undermined by the execution.
Safety, Materials & Certifications
So here’s the part that should feel reassuring — and to some extent, it is. The Graco Remi checks a bunch of the right boxes on paper: GREENGUARD Gold Certified, JPMA certified, meets ASTM and CPSIA safety standards. All the right acronyms.
But when you dig in a bit? There’s a weird tension between the official certifications and the real-world build quality.
Certifications
Let’s start with the good:
- GREENGUARD Gold Certified: This means the crib has been screened for 10,000+ chemicals and VOCs. In theory, that means better indoor air quality and a healthier space for baby. Parents who care about low-tox furniture (aka most of us) will appreciate this.
- JPMA Certified: Independently tested to meet all federal safety standards for sleep products.
- ASTM/CPSIA Compliance: This covers structural and chemical safety — so the finish, components, and design pass lab-level safety benchmarks.
💡 These certifications matter most at the beginning. It’s great peace of mind knowing your newborn is starting out in a crib that’s not off-gassing or splintering. But…
Materials & Build Quality
This is where it gets more complicated.
- Wood Type: It’s a mix of pine wood, engineered wood, and composite. The visible parts look nice, but some internal components (like drawer bottoms or the under-crib platform) are super thin. Definitely not heirloom furniture.
- Paint Quality: Multiple parents report chipping paint within the first year — even in places babies don’t touch. That’s not what you want around teething toddlers.
- Hardware: Screws are basic and often exposed — no caps or covers, which looks unfinished and can feel sharp if baby’s crawling nearby.
- Wobble Factor: If assembled correctly, the crib itself is generally sturdy — but the changing table unit feels flimsier. Some users say it creaks under light pressure, which doesn’t scream long-term safety.
Long-Term Safety Concerns
- Changing Pad Design: The included pad is thin, and the sides are open — meaning it can slide around easily. Several reviewers warned it doesn’t meet their comfort level for newborn safety.
- Hardware Loosening: Over time, screws start to work themselves loose, especially with drawer use or if the crib is moved. You’ll probably end up re-tightening parts every few months.
- Toddler Rail Confusion: Despite marketing the crib as convertible, the Graco-branded toddler guardrail is very hard to find (some say it’s basically unavailable). So yes, you can technically convert it — but without the right parts, it’s a bit of a trap.
- Drawer Detachment: The shelf behind the drawers sometimes falls off entirely after 6–12 months. Not dangerous by itself, but frustrating and potentially hazardous if baby starts grabbing around.
Recalls?
The Remi itself hasn’t been subject to a recall — but Graco’s brand history includes multiple crib recalls over the years (notably drop-side cribs made by LaJobi). Different model, different era — but still worth knowing. Details here.
Bottom line?
Certifications? Solid.
Materials? Kinda shaky.
You’re getting the peace of mind that the product was built to meet safety standards at the time of manufacturing. But the way it wears over time — chipped paint, drawer issues, exposed hardware — makes it feel less durable and less “safe” than those badges imply.
Assembly: What to Expect
Okay… so here’s the thing.
If you’ve ever put together flat-pack furniture and thought, “That wasn’t so bad” — you might still hate this.
Assembly for the Graco Remi is doable, but way more time-consuming and finicky than it should be. Expect 2–6 hours depending on how patient (or caffeinated) you are — and whether you’re doing it solo or have a second set of hands.
What Parents Say (Consistently)
- Instructions are vague and hard to follow: Not quite IKEA cryptic, but close. Several steps feel like they skip context or assume you’ll guess what’s “obvious” (which it isn’t).
- Missing or mismatched labels: Parts often come unmarked or with labels that don’t match the instructions. So half the time is spent playing “which panel is this?” like it’s a puzzle.
- Bottom drawer = biggest pain: Nearly everyone agrees this part is the worst. The alignment is just slightly off, and the thin wood makes it super delicate. Expect frustration.
- Two-person job: You can do it alone (some have), but most recommend having someone else there — especially when attaching the changing table or squaring up the frame.
- Tools not included: You’ll need a screwdriver, patience, and probably a power drill if you want to stay sane.
Random but Important Notes
- Be careful unboxing: The styrofoam packaging is notoriously fragile, and some people accidentally damaged pieces just trying to remove them.
- Check for damage before starting: Like, thoroughly. Many buyers only found cracks or scratches mid-build — which is the worst time to have to repackage and return.
- Keep your vacuum handy: You’ll likely end up with styrofoam snow everywhere.
Assembly Pro Tips (From Sleep-Deprived Survivors)
- Lay everything out before you start. Know what’s what. Even better if you have painter’s tape to label each part.
- Tighten everything loosely first — then go back and secure once it’s square and aligned.
- If your bottom drawer doesn’t fit right away… you’re not alone. Don’t force it. Try rotating the runners or double-checking screw depth.
Not a Dealbreaker, But…
Most people get through the build eventually. But it takes way longer than it feels like it should — and that part isn’t obvious from the product page. One parent put it best:
“By the time we finished, I didn’t even want to look at the crib anymore.”
Real-World Longevity: From Crib to Big Kid Bed
Here’s where it gets interesting. Because on paper, this thing promises a full nursery lifecycle: crib → toddler bed → daybed → full-size bed. Sounds great, right?
But in real-world use, that long-term promise kinda… stumbles. Some features hold up better than others. Some don’t make it past the first year.
Crib Stage (0–12 months)
This is when the Graco Remi performs best.
- It looks solid and polished right out of the gate. The white finish feels fresh, and the drawer/storage layout makes day-to-day baby care a little easier.
- The three adjustable mattress heights offer enough flexibility during early months, especially while managing nighttime diaper changes or transitioning out of swaddles.
- If everything is aligned correctly, the crib structure feels stable enough to pass the eye test (and the wobble test).
But even during this early stage, you might notice:
- Paint chipping surprisingly early — sometimes on rail edges, sometimes on drawer corners. It doesn’t affect function, but it chips fast enough to raise questions about finish quality.
- Drawer trouble starts early — even with light loads. Some become sticky, misaligned, or impossible to fully close within the first few months.
Toddler Bed & Daybed Conversion (1–2 years)
This is where expectations and reality start to split.
- Technically, the crib can convert. But the toddler guardrail is sold separately, and here’s the twist: it’s not always available. A lot of buyers end up realizing there’s no Graco-compatible rail in stock anywhere.
- Without the rail, your only toddler bed option is a daybed-style conversion (open on one side), which doesn’t offer much safety — especially for active sleepers.
- Some parts that were fine in crib mode — like the changing table shelving or back support — start to loosen, warp, or even detach under light toddler use.
- Drawer base cracking becomes common around this time. The thin wood doesn’t hold up to even moderate loading — think wipes, lotion, and small toys — which feels ridiculous at this price.
Full-Size Bed Conversion (2+ years)
Let’s be honest: most people never make it to this stage.
- To convert into a full-size bed, you need to buy a separate conversion kit, and it’s not just expensive — it’s often hard to find.
- By this point, the finish is likely worn, structural integrity is questionable, and many buyers just… give up. Either the parts didn’t survive, or the drawer and hardware issues pushed them to replace it altogether.
- And remember: the changer doesn’t convert. It becomes a clunky side unit with no function, so unless you’re willing to detach and discard it, you’re stuck with dead weight.
Bottom Line on Longevity
The Graco Remi is built to appear long-lasting. But when you look closely, it starts to feel more like:
“A crib that tries to do everything, but ends up doing most things… halfway.”
If your baby stays in crib mode for 12–18 months and you don’t plan to convert, it’s passable. But if you bought this for multi-year use? That’s where cracks — literally and figuratively — start to show.
Pros & Cons – What Actually Matters
If you’re still weighing it out — here’s a no-fluff summary of what actually makes the Graco Remi Crib worth it… and what kinda drags it down.
What It Gets Right
✅Smart, All-in-One Design
- Built-in changing table, open shelves, 3 side drawers, and a full-width storage drawer under the crib.
- Great for small nurseries — saves space and cash by combining multiple furniture pieces.
✅ Versatile (in theory)
- Converts from crib to toddler bed, daybed, and full-size bed — if you buy the extra parts.
- 3 mattress height settings help as baby grows.
✅ GREENGUARD Gold & JPMA Certified
- Independently tested for chemical emissions and safety compliance.
- Safer air quality = peace of mind, especially for newborns.
✅ Looks Good… at First
- Sleek white finish and modern style blend into most nursery aesthetics.
- Matches well with other white nursery furniture if you’re going for a coordinated look.
✅ Surprisingly Spacious Storage
- Parents love the under-crib drawer and open shelving — super handy for diapers, wipes, sleep sacks, and backup onesies.
Where It Struggles (And Kinda Frustrates)
❌ Paint Chipping & Finish Problems
- The white finish chips fast — sometimes in under 6 months.
- Poor coverage on some parts, and edge wear happens even without baby contact.
❌ Shipping & Packaging Issues
- Lots of reports of boxes arriving with cracks, chips, or missing parts.
- Inadequate styrofoam + poor part labeling = bad unboxing experience.
❌ Assembly Is a Slog
- Instructions are confusing, parts are often unlabeled, and pieces don’t always align.
- Bottom drawer and changing table sections are the biggest headaches.
❌ Storage Durability Fails
- Drawer bottoms are too thin — they bow or crack under light loads.
- Changing table drawers stick or pull unevenly over time.
❌ Conversion Kit Issues
- Toddler rail not included — and often not available to buy later.
- Full-size bed kit sold separately and can be hard to find.
- Changer doesn’t convert, so it becomes a big, useless attachment.
❌ Support & Parts Replacement = 😵💫
- Getting replacement parts takes weeks (if they show up at all).
- Manufacturer support is hit-or-miss, depending on the rep you get.
🤷♂️ The Middle Ground
Some parents swear by it. Others regret buying it. And most land somewhere in between, saying:
“It worked for a while — but I wouldn’t buy it again.”
If you’re tight on space, need storage, and don’t plan to convert it into a big kid bed? It’s okay.
If you’re banking on this being a 4-in-1 crib that grows for years? You might end up disappointed (or re-buying).
Summary Table with Ratings
(Graco Remi All-in-One Convertible Crib & Changer — Evaluation Overview)
Here’s a full at-a-glance breakdown of how the Graco Remi crib performs across all major categories. These ratings are based on aggregated research, verified product details, and a pattern of recurring issues and strengths from independent analysis — not personal opinion or experience.
Graco Remi Crib Performance Summary
Category | Rating (out of 5) | Key Takeaways |
Design & Aesthetic Fit | 4.5 ★ | Sleek modern look, strong visual appeal for contemporary nurseries. |
Build Quality & Materials | 3.0 ★ | Solid wood elements help, but thin materials and finish issues drag it down. |
Storage & Functionality | 4.7 ★ | Excellent storage integration for small spaces; genuinely useful drawers. |
Ease of Assembly | 2.8 ★ | Time-consuming, poorly labeled parts, and instructions that require guesswork. |
Conversion & Longevity | 3.2 ★ | Technically convertible, but missing rail kits and wear over time lower value. |
Safety & Certifications | 3.8 ★ | Certified safe — but small design quirks and loosening hardware are a concern. |
User Experience Over Time | 2.9 ★ | Looks great at first, but structural and cosmetic wear often comes too soon. |
Overall Rating: 3.6 ★ / 5
The Graco Remi crib does a lot on paper — and for some families, that space-saving versatility will still make it feel worth it. But if you zoom out, the long-term value takes a hit from inconsistent quality control and preventable durability issues. It’s one of those cribs that looks like it solves everything — but may end up needing more work and workaround than you’d expect.
Conclusion
If you’re trying to set up a nursery without spending on three separate pieces of furniture — crib, changing table, and dresser — the Graco Remi All-in-One Convertible Crib looks like an easy win. On paper, it covers everything: sleek design, built-in storage, changing area, adjustable mattress height, and full conversion path all the way to a full-size bed.
But here’s where it gets tricky.
It’s not that the idea is flawed — it’s that the execution stumbles.
Too many units show up with scratches, chipped paint, or misaligned parts straight out of the box. The drawers that feel brilliant on day one often end up sticky or completely unusable within a year. Assembly isn’t just tedious — it’s downright frustrating for many people, thanks to vague instructions and missing labels.
Durability? Mixed. The frame holds up okay short-term, but the changing table components, shelves, and storage elements tend to age poorly. Drawer bottoms are especially weak, and it’s not unusual for them to crack or warp under regular use. Paint also chips — even from untouched surfaces — which makes it feel less premium than the price might suggest.
Conversion potential? Technically yes, practically maybe not. The toddler rail isn’t included, and Graco doesn’t reliably offer it for this model anymore, meaning the “4-in-1” functionality might stop at “1.5.” That could be a dealbreaker if you were banking on long-term flexibility.
Still, for families tight on space, the Graco Remi might serve as a practical compromise. It can simplify the nursery layout and genuinely help with storage — especially in apartments or shared rooms. But if you’re aiming for a long-haul piece of furniture, or if you want something that will still look polished after a couple years of hard use, there are better-built options out there. They may cost a little more upfront or take up more room — but they’ll likely save you the hassle down the line.
Bottom line?
If your top priority is saving space and getting multiple nursery functions in one unit, this crib can work — with some caveats. Just be ready for quirks in quality, assembly, and longevity. And inspect every part the moment it arrives.
Helpful Guide:
1. What to Know About Convertible Cribs
- Convertible cribs are designed to grow with your child — starting as a standard crib and transitioning into toddler beds, daybeds, or even full-size beds.
- The Graco Remi falls under this category but does not include the conversion rails for toddler or full-size bed — those are sold separately, which adds to cost.
- Learn more in our Convertible Crib Buying Guide.
2. Crib with Changing Table: Pros and Cons
Pros:
- Saves floor space
- Keeps diapering essentials within reach
- Usually more affordable than buying separate pieces
Cons:
- Can feel cramped
- Not all changing tables are comfortable or safe for long-term use
- Limits flexibility when rearranging the nursery
Explore deeper insights in Should I Get a Crib with a Changing Table?
3. Certifications That Actually Matter
- JPMA Certified: Confirms crib meets voluntary ASTM safety standards
- GREENGUARD Gold Certified: Means the crib has low emissions of over 10,000 VOCs and chemicals
Note: These certifications do not guarantee long-term durability or quality — they’re strictly about safety and indoor air quality.
4. Drop Side Cribs: A Brief Warning
Graco previously faced multiple recalls related to drop-side crib models made before 2010. While the Remi is not a drop-side crib, the company’s past history is worth noting for buyers concerned about overall manufacturing practices.
5. Better Assembly Tips (If You Still Buy It)
- Open the box immediately — inspect for chips, cracks, or missing hardware
- Use your own screwdriver (or drill with low torque) — the included tool isn’t ideal
- Lay everything out and double-check part numbers before starting
- Save yourself frustration: build the crib frame first, then the changer
- The bottom drawer is the trickiest part — don’t force it if it doesn’t align easily
6. Related Resources
- Best Convertible Cribs for Growing with Your Baby
- Are Convertible Cribs Worth It?
- The Ultimate Crib Buying Guide for New Parents
- Best Cribs for 2025 That Keep Your Baby Safe & Sound
FAQs: Graco Remi 4-in-1 Crib
Is the Graco Remi crib well built?
Mostly, yes — once it’s fully assembled. The frame feels stable, and the wood (pine + engineered) is solid enough for a few years of use. But many parents report paint chipping early and drawer issues later on. So it’s well-built in theory, but quality control varies a lot unit to unit.
Does it really include a changing table and storage drawer?
Yes — it includes:
- A changing table with 3 drawers + 2 open shelves
- A full-width drawer underneath the crib
The storage is honestly the best part, especially in small nurseries. Just know the drawers can misalign easily if not installed perfectly.
How many mattress height settings are there?
Three. You can adjust the mattress base to 3 heights:
- Highest for newborns
- Mid for rolling babies
- Lowest for babies who can pull up
This is pretty standard — nothing surprising, but it works.
Is it JPMA and GREENGUARD certified?
Yes — it’s both:
- JPMA-certified (safety standards)
- GREENGUARD Gold certified (low chemical emissions)
These are great for peace of mind but don’t guarantee build quality.
Can it convert to a toddler bed or full-size bed?
Yes — it’s a 4-in-1:
- Crib
- Toddler bed (guardrail sold separately)
- Daybed
- Full-size bed with headboard only (conversion kit sold separately)
Important note: The toddler rail is hard to find or just not sold in some cases, which defeats the “4-in-1” promise. Check availability before assuming you can use all stages.
How hard is assembly, really?
It’s… a project. Most parents say it takes 2–4 hours and needs two people. Assembly instructions are not great, and parts are often unlabeled. The bottom drawer is the hardest part to get right.
Do people complain about delivery damage?
Yes — a lot. Around 1 in 3 reviews mention:
- Cracked wood
- Paint chips
- Broken drawer pieces
- Missing screws or parts
The packaging isn’t the best, so inspect everything when it arrives.
Is the changing table spacious?
Depends on your expectations. It fits a standard-size changing pad and has usable drawer space, but:
- The changing pad is thin
- Some gaps between the rails and pad can feel unsafe
- It’s best for babies under 15–20 lbs
Parents who use it past the newborn stage often switch to a standalone changing setup.